Freezing colloidal suspensions widely exists in nature and industry.Interface instability has attracted much attention for the understandings ofthe pattern formation in freezing colloidal suspensions. However, the interfaceinstability modes, the origin of the ice banding or ice lamellae, are stillunclear. In-situ experimental observation of the onset of interface instabilityis still absent up to now. Here, by directly imaging the initial transientstage of planar interface instability in directional freezing colloidalsuspensions, we proposed three interface instability modes, Mullins-Sekerkainstability, global split instability and local split instability. All thethree instability modes come from the competition of the solute boundary layerand the particle boundary layer, which only can be revealed from the initialtransient stage of planar instability in directional freezing.
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